来自海底高速层径向波的理论地震图研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姚陈  郝重涛 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):216-229

本文利用各向异性反射率技术计算理论地震图，提出海底高速薄层会产生沿高速层水平传播的波（简称径向波），这种波在水层中作为P波，在固液界面激发下行横波，该均匀横波以临界角入射高速薄层，在层内作为超临界角的非均匀横波水平传播，再以临界角转换为上行传播的均匀横波，最终在固液界面上行透射转换为水层中P波.高速薄层传播的径向波不同于界面折射波，也不同于具有频散的面波和通道波.理论地震图的研究表明，径向波具有线性时距，能与海底强反射具有同等振幅水平；径向波有其振幅、时距位置和斜率这些观测记录参数，分别对应高速层的厚度、深度和近似的横波速度；径向波可以克服折射波解释中遇到的振幅强弱和高速层速度等困难.径向波可作为探测海底高速薄层的有力工具，对于研究高速层屏蔽、海底反射类型的多样性和相应的资料处理解释有重要意义.  相似文献   

Analysis of Gravity Changes before and after the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake in 2016     

Ailixiati Yushan  Liu Daiqin  Li Jie  Li Rui  Abudutayier Yasen  Sun Xiaoxu  Zhu Zhiguo  Li Guirong  Chen Li 《中国地震研究》2018,32(3):377-387

This paper analyzes the characteristics of time sequence changes of gravity points near the epicenter, different changes of measuring lines and gravity changes of measuring areas in point-line-area manner respectively with the 5-period mobile gravity data through densified observation by the South Xinjiang Observation Network after the 2015-2016 Akto earthquake in Xinjiang. The gravity observation results before the earthquake indicate that the Wuqia-Bulungkol area near the epicenter presented the trend of gravity value increasing since 2015, but the gravity value decreased half a year before the earthquake, and witnessed a high gradient zone of gravity changes during some periods before the earthquake. The gravity observation results after the earthquake show that there is a trend of opposite changes in gravity difference on the northern and southern sides of Bulunkou, and good correspondence exists between the characteristics of gravity field changes near the epicenter before and after the earthquake and the geologic structure distribution in the area.  相似文献   

The Characteristic Patterns of Macrofaunal Fouling Assemblages in Nearshore Waters of the South China Sea     

Xin Chen  Qiuyu Liu  Wen Zhuo  Wenjuan Liu  Ziwei Li  Min Tang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(5):1142-1148

The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea. The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites (H-site, L-site) for one year, and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed. The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites. At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year, with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site. Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites. At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter, while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons, and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter. The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site. The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages. Furthermore, it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle, rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span. This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats, and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.  相似文献   

江西地区地方性震级的量规函数与台基校正值研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

项月文  陈浩  肖孟仁  曾文敬  肖健 《中国地震》2018,34(1):122-132

本文采用《江西测震台网地震观测报告》,选取2007年10月~2015年12月所记录的499次M_L≥1.5地震事件,对各子台测定震级与台网平均震级偏差进行定量的统计分析,从震级偏差频次分布、量规函数、台基、方位角等方面分析产生震级偏差的原因。在对量规函数和台基进行校正后,震级偏差绝对值在0.2以内的样本数达到了68.6%,并给出了适合江西地区的量规函数和台基校正值。  相似文献   

山东地磁台网受宁东高压直流输电干扰预处理质量分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林秀娜  曲保安  贾立国  陈传华  范晓勇  邢伟伟  袁倩  池国民 《中国地震》2018,34(1):141-149

为进一步提高山东地磁台网受高压直流输电干扰的预处理质量,通过中国地震前兆数据处理系统中相对差值检测和预处理检测功能,对山东地磁台网多年来受宁东高压直流输电干扰预处理情况进行了总结分析。结果表明,经过数据预处理,宁东高压直流输电干扰基本被去除,但仍然存在高压直流输电干扰误判、起止时间错判、干扰幅度计量不精确等问题。针对上述问题,对数据进行复核和校对,应用"缓变台阶"功能重新处理,并加强对H、D分量干扰特征的研究。  相似文献   

关于地震科学实验场的一些思考——地下云图     

陈颙  徐逸鹤  蔡辉腾  李稳 《中国地震》2018,34(2):165-171

由中国地震局和美国国家科学基金委、地质调查局合作建立的地震预报研究实验场为中国早期地震工作的发展起到了良好的推动作用。由于种种客观原因,地震预报实验场的多数预想目标未能达成,发展受到了阻碍。最近几年,实验场重新受到重视,并更名为"地震科学实验场"。结合目前地震学发展的前沿和防震减灾事业的实际需求,本文提出增加"地下云图"作为实验场的新方向。利用高重复性、环境友好、安全性高的气枪震源,持续激发地震信号,实现对地下介质速度变化的连续监测;结合背景噪声成像获得的高分辨率3维地壳结构,构建4维(三维空间+一维时间)地下结构成像。"地下云图"可以反映地下速度和应力变化,为全国范围的地震监测预测提供新的业务手段,推动地震预测从经验预测到物理预测的转换。  相似文献   

ATG-6118H型测氢仪校准与性能检测及其结果     

温丽媛  何镧  冯恩国  连凯旋  陈其峰  张玲  李月强  颜丙囤  赵杰峰 《中国地震》2018,34(3):571-579

氢气具有较强的映震灵敏性,氢气观测是探索地震短临预报的新途径。ATG-6118H痕量氢气在线自动分析仪是一种用于测量地下流体逸出氢气的新型数字化观测仪器,可以现场进行全自动连续测定,具有灵敏度高、自动化程度高、功耗低、操作简单等特点,具有网络远程诊断和数据处理分析功能,可以精确分析空气及井水中逸出的痕量氢背景值。目前我国尚未形成统一的痕量氢分析仪的检测规范,本文根据实际检测要求,对ATG-6118H痕量氢气在线自动分析仪进行了校准实验、检出限实验以及精确度实验,并对8台仪器性能进行了对比。通过指标评价确定了该仪器的性能检测方法的可行性,适合在具备数字化观测条件的全国地震地下流体台站以及具备断层气观测条件的台站推广应用。  相似文献   

Soil and Vegetation Spectral Coupling Difference (SVSCD) for Minerals Extraction from Hyperion Data in Vegetation Covered Area     

Shengbo Chen  Shuang Huang  Yanli Liu  Chao Zhou 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(6):957-972

Remote sensing data have been widely applied to extract minerals in geologic exploration, however, in areas covered by vegetation, extracted mineral information has mostly been small targets bearing little information. In this paper, we present a new method for mineral extraction aimed at solving the difficulty of mineral identification in vegetation covered areas. The method selected six sets of spectral difference coupling between soil and plant (SVSCD). These sets have the same vegetation spectra reflectance and a maximum different reflectance of soil and mineral spectra from Hyperion image based on spectral reflectance characteristics of measured spectra. The central wavelengths of the six, selected band pairs were 2314 and 701 nm, 1699 and 721 nm, 1336 and 742 nm, 2203 and 681 nm, 2183 and 671 nm, and 2072 and 548 nm. Each data set’s reflectance was used to calculate the difference value. After band difference calculation, vegetation information was suppressed and mineral abnormal information was enhanced compared to the scatter plot of original band. Six spectral difference couplings, after vegetation inhibition, were arranged in a new data set that requires two components that have the largest eigenvalue difference from principal component analysis (PCA). The spatial geometric structure features of PC1 and PC2 was used to identify altered minerals by spectral feature fitting (SFF). The collecting rocks from the 10 points that were selected in the concentration of mineral extraction were analyzed under a high-resolution microscope to identify metal minerals and nonmetallic minerals. Results indicated that the extracted minerals were well matched with the verified samples, especially with the sample 2, 4, 5 and 8. It demonstrated that the method can effectively detect altered minerals in vegetation covered area in Hyperion image.  相似文献   

Antenna design and implementation for the future space Ultra-Long wavelength radio telescope     

Linjie Chen  Amin Aminaei  Leonid I. Gurvits  Marc Klein Wolt  Hamid Reza Pourshaghaghi  Yihua Yan  Heino Falcke 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,45(2):231-253

In radio astronomy, the Ultra-Long Wavelengths (ULW) regime of longer than 10 m (frequencies below 30 MHz), remains the last virtually unexplored window of the celestial electromagnetic spectrum. The strength of the science case for extending radio astronomy into the ULW window is growing. However, the opaqueness of the Earth’s ionosphere makes ULW observations by ground-based facilities practically impossible. Furthermore, the ULW spectrum is full of anthropogenic radio frequency interference (RFI). The only radical solution for both problems is in placing an ULW astronomy facility in space. We present a concept of a key element of a space-borne ULW array facility, an antenna that addresses radio astronomical specifications. A tripole–type antenna and amplifier are analysed as a solution for ULW implementation. A receiver system with a low power dissipation is discussed as well. The active antenna is optimized to operate at the noise level defined by the celestial emission in the frequency band 1 ? 30 MHz. Field experiments with a prototype tripole antenna enabled estimates of the system noise temperature. They indicated that the proposed concept meets the requirements of a space-borne ULW array facility.  相似文献   

Analytical approach for sheet flow transport in purely acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xin Chen  Fujun Wang  Xuelin Tang 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(3):234-242

An instantaneous analytical approach is developed to predict sheet flow transport in purely acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow. The approach is derived from exponential approximations of velocity and concentration profiles above a mobile seabed, and it particularly considers factors of phase lead; phase lag (i.e. phase residual and phase shift); acceleration modification; and asymmetries in shear stress, roughness height, and boundary layer development. The approach can predict net boundary layer flow above a mobile seabed, and can revert to the classical bedload model. Instantaneous and net sediment transport rates are studied using the approach. The instantaneous sediment transport rate in an onshore flow stage can be approximated by a power function of velocity in which the exponent is confirmed to range between 1 and 5 with a decrease in the phase residual. The net sediment transport rate predicted using the approach is validated using a considerable amount of measured data, and compared with existing instantaneous and half-period type models that consider the phase lag or acceleration modification. For the net sediment transport rate in purely acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow, the phase residual is less important than the acceleration-skewed boundary layer difference between onshore and offshore acceleration stages.  相似文献